Removing Residual Matter by Powder Engineering Boosts Perovskite Solar Cell Efficiency
In a new study, researchers from the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) have demonstrated that creating one of the raw materials necessary for perovskites – a relatively new-to-science material – in a different way could be key to the success of these cells.
The findings have been published in the journal Nano Energy under the paper titled ‘Removal of residual compositions by powder engineering for high-efficiency formamidinium-based perovskite solar cells with operation lifetime over 2000 hours.’ The work was supported by the OIST Technology Development and Innovation Center’s Proof-of-Concept Program.
Led by Professor Yabing Qi, researchers attached to OIST’s Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit synthesized the crystalline powder in perovskites called FAPbI3 using a more precise powder engineering method.
“The crystalline powder in perovskites – FAPbI3 – forms the perovskite’s absorber layer,” explained one of the lead authors, Dr. Guoqing Tong, a postdoctoral scholar in the Unit. “Previously, this layer was fabricated by combining two materials – PbI2 and FAI. The reaction that takes place produces FAPbI3. But this method is far from perfect. There are often leftovers of one or both of the original materials, which can impede the efficiency of the solar cell,” Tong explained.
https://mercomindia.com/removing-residual-matter-powder-engineering/
Easy Steps That Will Help You Take Care Of Your Roof
How do you feel about your knowledge base concerning roofing? If you think that you need to know more before tackling a new roof on your home, then continue reading. There is much to consider, and it's a big commitment and investment. Surely, it's been awhile since you've had to add a roof, so find out what you've yet to see.
Before entering a contract with a roofer, consult the Better Business Bureau. They'll be able to tell you if complaints have been entered against this roofer in the past, and may be able to give you insight that the roofer's own references won't. The integrity of your roof is important, and you don't want to get scammed.
Before entering a contract with a roofer, consult the Better Business Bureau. They'll be able to tell you if complaints have been entered against this roofer in the past, and may be able to give you insight that the roofer's own references won't. The integrity of your roof is important, and you don't want to get scammed.
Have a leak in your roof? Check out your gutters. The gutters of your home can easily become clogged, and can be a major cause of leaks, especially if they have not been cleaned recently. If you see they are filled with debris, like leaves, be sure to clean it out.
Never work on your roof by yourself. You should always have someone else present, even if it is solely for the purpose of having someone that can call emergency services if you fall. Falling from the roof can be a disaster, but not having someone to help you is even worse.
It is not easy to find a good roofer. If you think you have a possibility, ask that person to give you at least three references that you can contact. Speaking with former customers will give you an idea of what type of professionalism and work you can expect from your roofer.
When looking around for roof insurance, there are some questions you need to ask a potential company. Exactly what does the insurance cost? Will rates ever go up? What does the insurance cover? These questions need to be asked prior to agreeing to purchase roof insurance to be sure you are getting the coverage you check here need.
Make sure you are being very safe when working on the roof yourself. Secure a ladder, and carefully climb up or down the ladder as necessary. Let someone know where you are in case you get stuck on the roof for some reason. Wear non-slip shoes if you have to stand.
When you see that your shingles are curling up or even buckling, it is time for a new roof. While it may seem like a small problem to start, once one shingle curls, the rest will quickly follow. Have them all replaced to ensure you don't have and problems with leaks.
Damaged roofs can be a huge burden. Since this article has offered some helpful advice, you should be better prepared to address any roofing issues that may arise. You can repair a roof completely. Implement what you've just learned, and take care of your roof.
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